This monograph is the first survey of neural approaches to conversational AI that targets Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval audiences. It provides a comprehensive survey of the ...

Characteristics of Supermendur, a new vanadium-iron-cobalt alloy with exceptional magnetic properties, are discussed. Advantages include low coercive force, low hysteresis loss, high permeability, and ...

In recent years, wearable devices for respiratory volume measurement have demonstrated a trend toward increased intelligence and miniaturization; they often need to balance accuracy, comfort, and ...

A review is made of those physical properties of semiconductors which are relevant to device operation at cryogenic temperatures. These include carrier density, mobility, hot carrier phenomena, ...

This paper describes a computer analysis of the propagating modes of a rectangular dielectric waveguide. The analysis is based on an expansion of the electromagnetic field in terms of a series of ...

The electron plasma frequency reduction factor has proved to be a fundamental design parameter in all types of microwave tubes employing long electron beams. This factor is here calculated for a ...

Time delay and Doppler shift between the echo signal and the reference signal are two most commonly used measurements in target localization for the passive radar. Doppler rate, which can be obtained ...

A major engineering challenge in construction projects lies in the stability as-sessment of rocky slopes with faults. The left bank slope of the Jinchuan Hy-dropower Station in the outlet field is ...

The attenuation and scattering of laser beams by rain, fog, and snow have been calculated and measured at 0.63, 3.5, and 10.6μ. Attenuation of the infrared wavelengths by light fog is up to one order ...

Holograms synthesized by computer are used for constructing optical wavefronts from numerically specified objects. Elimination of the need for a physical object has made new applications possible, for ...

Metal halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) has successfully distinguished itself in optoelectronic field by virtue of the sharp rise in power conversion efficiency over the past decade. The remarkable ...

A particle swarm optimization algorithm to search for an optimal five-stage constant-current charge pattern is proposed. The goal is to maximize the objective function for the proposed charge pattern ...